Sundown Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, and Caregiver Tips

In a study, just over 20% of patients with dementia also experienced what we call Sundown Syndrome. It's a common condition in those who already experience neurodegenerative conditions.

Sundown Syndrome, also known as Sundowning, is a neurological disorder characterized by episodes of agitation, confusion, and disorientation in people with dementia or Alzheimer's disease. These episodes typically occur in the late afternoon or early evening, hence the term "Sundown Syndrome."

If you have a loved one with a neurodegenerative condition, you may want to prepare yourself for the possibility of this condition. Read on to learn symptoms, causes, and caregiver tips for Sundown Syndrome.

Sundown Syndrome Symptoms

Sundown Syndrome manifests through various symptoms, all of which can be disruptive (and even frightening) for both patients and caregivers alike. These symptoms can look alarming at first. Caregivers need to stay calm and show empathy during these "episodes."

Some of these symptoms include:

Increased agitation and restlessness
Mood swings
Confusion
Disorientation
Pacing or wandering
Aggressive behavior
Difficulty sleeping
Increased anxiety
Shouting
Screaming

These symptoms can last from several minutes to hours until the patient falls asleep. Again, while they are alarming, they aren't painful or otherwise dangerous unless the patient wanders off. The patient can be a danger to themselves when experiencing these symptoms.

Sundown Syndrome Causes and Contributing Factors

The exact causes of Sundown Syndrome are unclear. With that in mind, several factors may contribute to its development.

Disruption of circadian rhythms, fatigue, and overstimulation are primary contributors. In other words, it's best if seniors can stay on a consistent sleep schedule to avoid potential issues.

Medication side effects, unmet physical or emotional needs, and environmental changes or stressors can also trigger Sundown Syndrome episodes. If possible, it's best to keep seniors as comfortable and happy as possible. Minimize any significant changes and bring up medication concerns to a doctor right away.

Caregiver Strategies for Managing Sundown Syndrome

Effective management of Sundown Syndrome requires a combination of caregiver strategies and environmental modifications. There are no real treatments for Sundown Syndrome, but there are things caregivers can do to make their loved ones more comfortable. It's possible to alleviate symptoms on some level.

Establishing a daily routine can help caregivers maintain structure and familiarity for their loved ones. Encouraging physical activity and exercise during the day helps reduce agitation. Even simple and light activities, like walks around the neighborhood, can make a huge difference and add enrichment to the senior's life.

What else can you do to help? Let's divide potential solutions into environmental and pharmacological options.

Environmental Modifications

Modifying the environment plays a crucial role in alleviating Sundown Syndrome symptoms. Reducing noise levels and distractions, increasing natural light exposure during the day, and using visual reminders and cues to maintain orientation can all be beneficial.

Creating a comfortable sleep environment also promotes relaxation. Seniors should aim for seven to eight hours of sleep every night.

A calming environment with soothing music, lighting, and temperatures can also help to alleviate symptoms. Offering regular breaks and rest periods on busy days, as well as providing reassurance and emotional support, are essential.

Pharmacological Interventions

In some cases, medication may be necessary to manage Sundown Syndrome symptoms. Consulting with a healthcare professional can help you and your senior loved one determine the best course of treatment.

Medications regulating mood, anxiety, or sleep may be helpful. There's no "correct" medication that will ease all symptoms, however. This may be a trial-and-error process.

Caregiver Support and Resources

Caring for individuals with Sundown Syndrome can be challenging. Caregivers should seek support from family, friends, or support groups and take regular breaks to maintain their physical and emotional well-being. Caregiver burnout is a genuine problem that many people face, and that burnout can get in the way of a healthy life.

Here are some ways caregivers can care for themselves while they're also helping others.

Consider Support Groups

Joining a support group provides emotional support, practical advice, and shared experiences with other caregivers facing similar challenges. These groups can help reduce your feelings of isolation and loneliness and offer access to resources and services.

There are in-person, online, phone, or video conferencing groups, as well as condition-specific groups. This way, you can find a group that works for you.

Try Therapy

Therapy helps caregivers manage stress, anxiety, and grief, while helping them develop coping strategies and improve their communication skills. Individual, family, and group therapy are all available and helpful. Therapy improves problem-solving skills, relationships, and self-awareness, which can lead to improved mental health and well-being.

Engage in Self-Care

Self-care is crucial for caregivers. Engage in physical activity and exercise, practice relaxation techniques, and foster your hobbies and social connections. Make sure to take regular breaks, take relaxing baths, read, and listen to music.

Learn to say "no" and set boundaries. Prioritizing self-care mitigates burnout and improves overall mental health. You can't care for others if you're not caring for yourself.

Talk About Nursing Homes

Many caregivers don't like to think about nursing homes for their loved ones. However, at some point, they may not be able to provide an appropriate level of care.

Look into local nursing homes and assisted living communities that offer memory care services. These communities will keep your loved one safe and give them space to socialize. They also often include stimulation activities to keep their minds and bodies as active as possible.

Does Your Loved One Experience Sundown Syndrome?

If you have a loved one who experiences Sundown Syndrome, things can be tough for both you and them. It's important to keep them comfortable and happy. The symptoms can be scary, but you can help alleviate them with enough practice and effort.

It may be time to start considering senior living so you and your loved one can both be more comfortable. At Highland Place in Inverness, FL, we want to provide a safe and happy community for our residents to spend their golden years.